Leading Instruments For Chlorine Measurement From Endress+Hauser

By Endress + Hauser Australia

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Chlorine Measurement Technology

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Chlorine Measurement Instruments

Chlorine Measurement
When discussing disinfecting parameters in relation to chlorine measurement, the terms total, free, bonded, residual, compounds and radical chlorine are often used and all play a vital role in the process.

Endress+Hauser offer a complete range of analysers for complete chlorine measurement and analysis.

Disinfecting Parameters

Total chlorine refers to the total amount of chlorine which includes both free and combined chlorine.
Free, residual and radical chlorine all refer to unbound chlorine, the driving force in disinfection, and all these parameters are one and the same thing.

A cause for confusion is the fact that hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions exist together in equilibrium based on the pH value. In effect, hypochlorous acid dissociates into hydrogen ions and hypochlorite ions.

Chlorine Disinfection Applications
Disinfection is offered by the hypochlorous acid. As the pH value increases, so the disinfecting capabilities of the hypochlorous acid decrease. At pH6, there is a 97% composition of hypochlorous acid.

At pH9, this composition decreases to 3%. A practical example is that of a home swimming pool. If the pH value of the pool is not adjusted to a lower level, large amounts of chlorine additions will achieve minimal disinfection results.

Bonded and Compound Chlorine Applications
In terms of bonded and compound chlorine, there are often applications where potable water needs to cover long distances to reach the consumers.

As residual chlorine dissipates from solution over time, water authorities often use a carrier medium in order to protect the chlorine for prolonged release.

This ensures continued disinfection throughout the piping distance. Bonded chlorine is also less sensitive to pH variations and is stable in that respect.

However, measurement is made difficult since the bond must be broken first before measurement can take place.

Chlorine Measurement Tools
Endress+Hauser offer tools to measure both residual chlorine and total chlorine. Bonded chlorine cannot be measured independently from the residual chlorine. In order to obtain the bonded chlorine value, the residual chlorine value is subtracted from the total chlorine value.

Endress+Hauser offer:

CCS142D sensor for residual chlorine
CCS120 sensor for total chlorine
CCS240/241 for chlorine dioxide

CCS142D Sensor
CCS142D determine the concentration of chlorine according to the amperometric measuring principle. The membrane capped sensors consist of a cathode serving as the working electrode and an anode acting as the counter electrode. These electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte.

The hypochlorous acid contained in the medium diffuses through the sensor membrane and is reduced to chloride ions (Cl-) on the gold cathode. On the silver anode, sliver is oxidised to silver chloride.

The electron release of the gold cathode and electron acceptance on the silver anode result in a current flow which is proportional to the free chlorine concentration in the medium under constant conditions.

The concentration of hypochlorous acid in the medium depends on the pH value. This dependence can be compensated by measuring the pH value in the flow assembly. The transmitter transforms the current signal into the measuring unit concentration in mg/l.

Endress+Hauser’s CCS142D sensor measures free chlorine using the internationally accepted DPD method. A photometer with the pertaining reagents is required. The determined value is the calibration value for the transmitter.

Chlorine Detection
Although similar in measuring principle and function, CCS142D-A is suitable for applications with a measuring range of 0.05 ... 20 mg Cl2/l (ppm), while the CCS142D-G sensor is especially suitable for disinfection of drinking water conditioning or for the detection of chlorine traces with a measuring range of 0.01 ... 5 mg Cl2/l (ppm).

CCS120 Membrane Capped Amperometric Sensor
Used for the continuous measurement of total chlorine, Endress+Hauser’s CCS120 sensor, also a membrane capped amperometric sensor, is based on the conversion of the measuring variable chlorine in electrical current.

Two electrodes covered by an electrolyte are in contact to the medium via a membrane. It has a platinum working electrode and a silver halogenide coated counter or reference electrode. The chlorine compounds contained in the medium diffuse through the membrane.

The constant polarisation voltage between the two electrodes instigates the electrochemical reaction of the chlorine compounds on the working electrode. The resulting current is measured as a primary signal and is proportional to the chlorine concentration within the sensor’s operating range.

This sensor is only slightly dependent on pH value. The primary signal is converted by the amplifier electronics of the sensors into a 0 … 5 µA output signal which is displayed by the transmitter.

Chlorine Measurement Systems
Total chlorine consists of free chlorine (HOCl, OCl -) and bound chloride (chloramides). To calibrate the measuring system, the content of chlorine is determined using the DPD 4 method. In order to do so, a photometer with the pertaining reagents is required. The determined value is the calibration value for the transmitter.

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